Chesapeake Chills and Thrills

October 22nd, 2012 by Sarah

What scary Chesapeake tale will you tell your students this Halloween?

Spooky stories, creepy critters, monster hunts, and more.  There are plenty of ways to teach about the Chesapeake Bay watershed this Halloween.  Many even provide an opportunity for in-depth investigations into watershed history or science.  Which scary Chesapeake activity will you choose?

  • Here there be Monsters – What’s lurking beneath the surface of the Chesapeake Bay? Is it an unidentified sea monster that hasn’t yet been discovered? Are people possibly mistaking another animal such as a manatee or sturgeon for a sea monster? Or, is the mysterious and elusive Chessie the sea monster, a hoax or the product of some wild imaginations? Using the Bayville interactive, Here There Be Monsters, students unravel the mystery of Chessie the sea monster, using their own powers of investigation and deductive reasoning to make an informed judgment about whether or not Chessie is real.
  • Death at Jamestown – What Really Happened at Jamestown? In this jigsaw lesson plan, students learn about four different, supported reasons behind the mysterious deaths that occurred in the early days of the colony of Jamestown.  In this lesson, middle and high school students will discover different scientific methods for evaluating historical events, research and present information on proposed explanations of a historical event, and evaluate explanations of a historical event based on supporting scientific evidence.
  • Celebrate Halloween by Teaching about Creepy, Crawly Marcoinvertebrates - It’s Halloween in the Chesapeake Bay watershed! This is a perfect opportunity to introduce your students to the creepy creatures lurking beneath rocks in your local stream.  While benthic macroinvertebrates may appear gruesome at first glance, a closer look reveals that these organisms are perfectly adapted to live and feed in their environment.
  • BOO!s of the Bay: Nine scary Chesapeake stories for Halloween – Look around the Chesapeake Bay watershed this time of year, and you’ll find ghost tours all over the place: Annapolis, Gettysburg and Richmond, to name a few. And why wouldn’t there be ghosts here? The Chesapeake region was among the first areas in the United States settled by English colonists. Since that time, the Bay has experienced land-altering and life-taking hurricanes, mysterious shipwrecks, and bloody battles during the nation’s early wars. Just in time for Halloween, the Chesapeake Bay Program has compiled an eclectic list of hauntings, sightings and purely strange spooks from throughout the Bay watershed. Share these spooky stories with your students, have them research the facts behind one, or use them to inspire your students to write their own Chesapeake ghost stories!
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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Why Teach About Marine Debris?

October 9th, 2012 by Anna Manyak

An accumulation of microplastics and other debris items in the waters of Hanauma Bay, Hawaii. Photo courtesy of NOAA PIFSC CRED.

Marine debris refers to any persistent solid material that is manufactured or processed and directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, disposed of or abandoned in the marine environment or Great Lakes.  It comes in many forms, and can be sourced from both land-based and ocean-based activities.  Items range from haphazardly discarded cigarette butts all the way up to abandoned vessels.  Most marine debris items do not biodegrade, and therefore persist in the environment for a long period of time.  Because the oceans have no borders, oceanic currents can move debris items far away from their source.  In some remote areas of the ocean, marine debris accumulates in areas known as ‘garbage patches.’  Much of the debris in these areas consists of microplastics, which are small pieces of plastic that result from the breakdown of plastics exposed to the sun.  Unfortunately, marine debris has many negative impacts on marine organisms and environment.  Accidental ingestion of plastics by marine organisms can cause choking or starvation, and potentially lead to death.  Entanglement in discarded nets or ropes can cause drowning or strangulation.  Even marine habitats can be impacted through smothering by large pieces of marine debris.

Why should YOU teach about marine debris?

We all live in a watershed where everything runs downhill.  No matter where you live, the trash that you see on the streets can pass through a storm drain, head to the Chesapeake Bay, and eventually reach the ocean, where it becomes marine debris.  The best way to combat marine debris is to share knowledge about where it comes from, how it impacts the environment, and what anyone can do to prevent it.

How can YOU teach about marine debris?

The NOAA Marine Debris Program offers many educational resources to teach students more about the sources, impacts, and solutions to marine debris.

Other marine debris educational resources can be found here.

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Anna Manyak is the Northeast Regional Coordinator for the NOAA Marine Debris Program. For more information on marine debris, please visit www.marinedebris.noaa.gov or contact Anna at Anna.Manyak@noaa.gov.

Stream Restoration & Riparian Buffer Lesson Plans

September 17th, 2012 by Sarah

Everyone in the watershed lives within a few miles of a river, stream or creek, which are like pipelines from our communities to the Chesapeake Bay.

More than 100,000 streams, creeks and rivers thread through the Chesapeake Bay watershed.  Many of these streams have been impacted by people and are in need of help. Restoration and riparian buffer projects provide a great opportunity to engage your students in real-world service learning projects.  These projects can help you get your students outside, physically active, AND learning about the environment.  If you live in Maryland, you can even request technical assistance and apply for funding for your project through the Stream Restoration Challenge!  Here are some great lesson plans, activities, and guides that you can use to help make your project a meaningful watershed educational experience:

  • Healthy People, Healthy Water – The goal of this curriculum guide, developed by project WET, is to make complex concepts of water quality relevant and meaningful for you and those you teach.   The program offers 25 hands-on activities, an Educator’s Guide, testing kits, training, and much more. Healthy Water, Healthy People is for educators or citizens interested in learning and teaching about contemporary water quality topics. This guide has been aligned with Maryland State curriculum and environmental literacy standards.
  • Restoring a Stream – This activity is a part of Virginia’s Water Resources – A Tool for Teachers, and is a great guide for educators looking to participate in the Stream Restoration Challenge. In this activity students will research and understand the importance of protecting and restoring streams and conduct a focus project on designing, establishing, and maintaining streamside forest buffers.  Students will then identify a local stream habitat in need of protection and restoration, develop an action project protect and restore the local stream habitat, seek technical assistance from local and state agencies, and  implement and monitor their restoration activity.
  • Lessons from the Bay: Riparian Buffers – In this Virginia Department of Education Lesson Plan, students will conduct research to learn the roles of riparian buffers, build a watershed model to illustrate the role of riparian buffers in protecting waterways from polluted runoff, form hypotheses, conduct an experiment, report findings and draw conclusions.
  • To Protect Your Streams, Protect Your Mountains – Penn State University’s College of Agriculture developed this lesson plan to help students define key watershed terms.  Through this lesson plan students will learn about point and non-point solution and will be able to how a healthy riparian buffer zone can improve non-point source pollution problems
  • Pollution in a Watershed – In this Chesapeake Bay FieldScope activity from National Geographic your students will be introduced to the role of wetlands and riparian buffers in the Chesapeake Bay as natural filters for sediment and nutrients that can negatively affect our waterways. Students will use what they learn about land cover and human actions to predict where pollution might occur.
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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

What to Do With Leftover Pumpkins

November 7th, 2011 by Sarah

There are lots of ways you can use pumpkins in your classroom! Image courtesy of DrBacchus via Flickr.

Halloween may be over, but there is still plenty of time in November to celebrate the fall season!  Now that we are all taking our spooky decorations down and replacing them with turkeys and fall leaves, you might find that a local grocery store or farm is selling their pumpkins a bit cheaper then they were last week.  Maybe you and your neighbors have a few Jack-O-Lanterns lying about, and those scary faces you carved are looking a little less than fresh.  Why not take advantage of these opportunities and engage your students in fall-themed learning at the same time?  Your students can have a lot of fun with pumpkins, and learn about science at the same time! Here are some great lesson plans and activities to help:

Collect Jack-O-Lanterns and put them to use in your classroom by having students learn about pumpkin life-cycles and decomposition (be sure to keep decomposing pumpkins outside or in a glass container/aquarium tightly that is sealed with plastic wrap to eliminate any odors):

Have your students learn about the scientific method by making and testing predictions about pumpkins:

Your school or local public library probably has a wealth of pumpkin-related stories. Supplement your lesson by reading your students one of these stories about pumpkins:

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Flooding in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: Teach About It!

October 10th, 2011 by Sarah

Chesapeake Research Consortium Staffers take a break from bird watching on a flooded pier to pose for a photo during an outing to Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary.

Last week, Margaret Enloe, the Chesapeake Bay Program’s Communications Director, contributed an excellent guest blog about the impacts September’s flooding event had on the Bay.   Now that you understand some of the Bay dynamics that may have been influenced by the recent influx of water, sediment, nutrients, and contaminants, let’s examine how you can convey this information to your students.

Lesson Plans

Don’t worry; you are not up a flooded creek without a paddle. There is a wealth of lesson plans available to help you teach about flooding, many of which are aligned with national content standards!  Here are a few samples to help you get started:

  • Flood! – In this Discovery Education lesson plan, students in grades 6-8 will discover that different types of soil have different capacities for retaining rainwater. At the end of the lesson, they should also understand that if the soil in an area is already saturated with rainwater, flooding problems can ensue.
  • Floods: Rising Waters and You – 9-12 graders will investigate the relationships between human-made structures and flood waters in these PBS American Field Guide Lessons.
  • Flood! Classroom Activity – Students will construct a model of a river system and explore the use of manmade levees in this NOVA Teachers lesson plan.
  • Floods – Young students can learn about and play games related to floods on FEMA’s For Kids website.  Children can read “The River Rises; The Disaster Twins’ Flood Story,” take a flood math quiz, or play the “Water, Wind, and Earth Game.”
  • What is a Flood Plain? – Its not all science when if comes to flooding.  PBS has developed this lesson for 7-12 grade classrooms that wish to address content related to economics and/or geography.
  • Ancient Flood Stories – National Geographic has provided this lesson to help educators discuss the evidence that ancient floods may have helped to create the Black Sea. Students will practice their creative writing by composing stories about what it might have been like immediately before and during the flood.

On September 21, 2011 Chesapeake Research Consortium staffers hiked along the flooded Railroad Bed Trail in Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary.

Ask a Scientist

Remember to end your flooding lesson by “bringing it local!” Discussing the impacts that September’s flooding had on the Chesapeake Bay, and on areas within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, will provide your students with a real-world example that they have experienced.  Ask your students if their families took any steps to prepare for the flooding (see FEMA’s Flood website for helpful safety tips), or discuss what happened on school grounds.  This can help bring your flooding lesson to life, and ensure that it is relevant to your students.

Another great way to get your students interested in learning about floods and our local watershed is to have them interact with professionals who work in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) related fields.  The Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership has many experts across the watershed who can answer your class’s emailed questions about the response of the streams, rivers and the Bay to the extreme rainfalls and flood conditions.  You can have your class assemble a list of their questions, and email them to us using this online form.  The Chesapeake Bay Program has experts on the following flooding-related topics:

  • River flow, flood conditions, loads of pollutants, comparison of other major flood events
  • Impacts of flood event on MD’s Bay waters and living resources
  • River monitoring in MD
  • Impacts of flood event on VA’s Bay waters and living resources
  • River monitoring in VA
  • River monitoring in PA
  • Monitoring in PA and New York
  • Overall watershed-wide effects and how CBP partners are monitoring the impacts
  • Data and info from NOAA Bay monitoring buoys, research vessels, and satellite imagery
  • Impacts on the Bay/other contacts in the watershed for more information
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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Why Teach About Plankton?

September 26th, 2011 by Sarah

Assorted diatoms, one of the most common forms of phytoplankton, living between crystals of annual sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Image courtesy of the NOAA Image Library.

The word “Plankton” is derived from the Greek word “planktos,” which means “drifter” of “wanderer.” Plankton are organisms that float freely or swim weakly through aquatic, estuarine, and marine environments. As such, they are defined by their ecological niche (as opposed to being a phylogenetic or taxonomic classification).  Plankton range in size; they can be as small as microscopic diatoms or as large as jellyfish.  There are also different types of plankton.  Phytoplankton are tiny (usually unicellular) algae that live near the water surface and utilize the light that is available there to support photosynthesis. Zooplankton are a type of plankton that consumes other plankton. Holoplankton are a type of zooplankton that remain in the plankton stage for their entire life, such as jelly fish. Meroplankton are zooplankton that are only planktic for part of their lives (typically the larval stage), such as crabs, sea urchins, and starfish.

Why Should YOU Teach About Plankton

Teaching about plankton can help you introduce your students to the concepts of adaptations, buoyancy, habitats, food webs, trophic levels, life cycles, and more.  There are also some great lab activities that you can use to engage your students in these topics.

How Can YOU Teach About Plankton

The “Design and Construct a Plankter” lesson plan from the University of South Florida’s Project Oceanography program provides background information and a lesson plan that can help you teach about plankton.  In the activity portion of this lesson, students design and build their own plankton and have “slow races” in a 10 gallon aquarium to determine who designed the plankton with the best buoyancy.  A “For the Teacher” section that addresses national science standards and a Vocabulary List are also provided.

The Plankton Lesson Plans packet from the University of California, Los Angeles Marine Science Center also contains a “slow race” activity.  In addition to this lesson, the packet includes a lesson activity on phyto- versus zoo- plankton and an activity in which students make a simple plankton net out of nylon stockings, use it to collect plankton from a local stream, and observe the plankton under a microscope.  This last lesson is similar to the Plankton Lesson developed by the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium, in which students collect a plankton sample, identify the types of plankton the collected, classify the various components of the plankton, and draw inferences about productivity based on their sample.

You can supplement these lesson plans with some of the following resources:

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Why Teach About Earthquakes?

August 29th, 2011 by Sarah

Did you feel the earthquake on August 23rd? Take a look at the USGS's Community Internet Intensity Map! Image courtesy of the USGS.

As we were recently reminded, even places in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed can experience earthquakes.  On Tuesday, August 23rd at 1:51 PM, a 5.8 magnitude earthquake originated 3.7 miles below the earth’s surface 5 miles southwest of Mineral, Virginia. The geological survey has reported several aftershocks.  The previously mentioned August 23rd earthquake occurred as reverse faulting on a north or northeast-striking plane within a previously recognized seismic zone, the “Central Virginia Seismic Zone.” The Central Virginia Seismic Zone has produced small and moderate earthquakes since at least the 18th century.

Why Should YOU Teach About Earthquakes?

When you talk about geology, natural disasters, or earth science in your classroom, you can feature earthquakes in your conversation.  Comparing earthquakes on the East and West Coasts can also help you teach about plate tectonics, seismic waves, why some places experience more earthquakes then others, and about factors that can impact the strength and distance over which an earthquake can be felt.

Earthquakes in the central and eastern United States occur less frequent than they do in the west; however they are typically felt over a much broader region. California, which we frequently associate with earthquakes in the Unites States, sits on the San Andreas Fault at the edges of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates.  Virginia and the East Coast are located near the center of the North American plate and, thus, experience a much lower rate of seismicity than California. Additionally, the earth’s crust on the East Coast is older, colder, and harder.  This allows seismic waves to be carried farther and faster then they are along the West Coast shell, which is also broken up by more active faults. East of the Rockies, an earthquake can be felt over an area as much as ten times larger than a similar magnitude earthquake on the west coast.

How Can YOU Teach About Earthquakes?

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides up-to-date information on recent earthquakes in the United States and around the world on their earthquakes website.  You can also download the USGS Poster of the Virginia Earthquake of 23 August 2011 – Magnitude 5.8 to help teach students about this summer’s incident.  Additional information on the 5.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred on August 23rd can be found HERE.  There are also many lesson plans, activities, and online resources that can help you teach about earthquakes.  Here are some resources to help you teach about earthquakes in your classroom:

  • Virginia Has Its Faults, Too: A Lesson on Earthquakes in Virginia – In this lesson plan from the Virginia Geographic Alliance, students will learn to define an “earthquake,” describe the effects of an earthquake, read and analyze a map citing earthquake activity in the state of Virginia, and will create a project that reflects understanding of the terms associated with the study of earthquakes
  • Earthquakes for Kids – USGS has developed this interactive website to help children learn abut earthquakes.  This website includes the following features: latest quakes, today in earthquake history, become an earthquake scientist, ask a geologist, learning links and earthquake activities, science fair project ideas, cool earthquake facts, the science of earthquakes, puzzles & games, animations, earthquake pictures, and earthquake ABC’s.
  • Earthquakes and Volcanoes Lesson Plan - As students learn to read maps, it is important that they learn how to compare maps that show different types of information. This lesson from National Geographic asks students to compare maps of plate tectonics with population density maps and to analyze what these maps imply about the relationship between population and seismic hazards.
  • The Power of Fire Activity – In this National Geographic activity, your students will become natural-hazard mappers! They will learn about plate tectonics as they figure out where people face danger from earthquakes and volcanoes, and create a map showing where these natural hazards may occur.
  • Constructing Earthquake-Proof Buildings Lesson PlanConstructing-Earthquake-Proof-Buildings – In this lesson, students will explore different materials, shapes, and design options that affect the durability of a building and will understand how to use models to perform controlled scientific experiments.
  • The Three Little Pigs in Earthquake Land Lesson Plan – This lesson from National Geographic teaches students some of the basics of earthquakes and volcanoes. It also asks them to think about how people living in cities and suburbs must plan ahead by constructing sturdy buildings and preparing their homes and themselves for the possibility of a natural disaster. Students will therefore be introduced to some basic concepts of physical geography, as well as some of the ways in which the physical environment affects people’s lives.

Additional Resources:

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Long May It Wave: a National Curriculum on the War of 1812 and Fort McHenry

August 8th, 2011 by Sarah

The star spangled banner flies over cannons at Fort McHenry.

Frequently, when we think about the Chesapeake Bay we imagine beautiful beaches, wild wetlands, and amazing animals.  But the Chesapeake Bay watershed isn’t just home to osprey and diamondback terrapins. It has also been a stage for some critical moments in American history.

Recently, the Friends of Fort McHenry and the National Park Service joined forces to develop a national curriculum on the War of 1812 and Fort McHenry for grades 4 through 8.  This new curriculum will help teachers in Maryland, and across the Unite States, bring history to life inside their classrooms as they celebrate the Bicentennial of the War of 1812 and focus on history within the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Not only does this new curriculum resource features 16 lesson plans that are aligned with the Maryland State Curriculum for Social Studies and the Common Core State Standards Initiative,  it is available to be downloaded for free!  The Long May It Wave Curriculum places an emphasis on developing your student’s historical thinking skills and will draw students in with interesting lesson topics, such as “Pirate or Patriot” and “Political Cartoons from the War of 1812.”  Each of the lesson plans includes student worksheets, primary source documents and images, and suggestions for accommodations, extensions, and some feature suggestions for assessments.  The Curriculum is also structured so that teachers can easily select lesson plans that are designed for elementary or secondary audiences, lessons that are adaptable for grades 4-8, interdisciplinary lessons, and supplementary resources.

In addition to the Long May it Wave Curriculum, the National Park Service also provides War of 1812 and Fort McHenry lesson plans, a teachers guide, and information for planning a trip to Fort McHenry out of the Fort McHenry National Monument and Historical Shrine “For Teachers” website.

Long May It Wave: national curriculum on the War of 1812 and Fort McHenry

Fort McHenry National Monument and Historical Shrine “For Teachers” website

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Why Teach about Terrapins?

April 18th, 2011 by Sarah

Diamondback terrapins are a medium-sized turtle with a broad gray, black, or light brown top shell, also known as a carapace, that is patterned with diamond-shaped concentric circles. Photo courtesy of Willem M. Roosenburg, Ph.D., Ohio University via the Maryland State Archives.

The diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a symbol of the Chesapeake Bay watershed and has been Maryland’s official state reptile since 1994.  The diamondback terrapin is also the mascot of the University of Maryland. This predator is the only North American species of turtle that lives exclusively in brackish water (water that is less salty then sea water, but more salty then fresh water).

Why Should YOU Teach about Terrapins?

In your classroom, you can use terrapins to teach students about a wide variety of topics.  Terrapins can be used to teach about life cycles, ecosystems, predator-prey relationships, and animal adaptations.  Teaching about how humans impact diamondback terrapin populations can also help teachers introduce topics such as pollution, development, global climate change, sea level rise, and more!

In the early 1900s, diamondback terrapin were considered a popular gourmet food and unregulated harvesting resulted in a population decline.  In Maryland, taking or possessing terrapins for commercial purposes became illegal in 2007. However, diamondback terrapins can still be harmed by human recreation activities; turtles can become entangled in abandoned fishing nets or hit by motor boats. Talking about terrapins in the classroom can help teach students to be responsible stewards of the environment.

How Can YOU Teach about Terrapins?

There is no lack of resources that can help you incorporate terrapins into your classroom lessons. Here are some to help you get started:

Lessons and Programs:

Diamondback Terrapin Resources:

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.

Celebrate Earth Day All Month Long

April 4th, 2011 by Sarah

Earth Day is a great opportunity to engage children in learning about their environment. Photo courtesy of US FWS via Creative Commons, photographer Rick L. Hansen.

Earth Day was founded by Unites States Senator Gaylord Nelson from Wisconsin as a “national teach-in on the environment,” and was first held on April 22, 1970. It became a global event in 1990 with environmentally focused events taking place in 141 countries.  This April, don’t just celebrate Earth Day on the 22nd, make it a month long celebration!  Here are some resources and events to help you get started:

National Environmental Education Week: In 2011, National Environmental Education Week (EE Week), the nation’s largest environmental event, will be held from April 10-16.  Here in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed we will be celebrating the 2011 EE Weeks’s focus on Ocean Connections in the nation’s largest estuary!

National Park Week: Celebrate National Parks Week from April 16-24, 2011 in one of our 364 national parks! This year’s focus, Healthy Parks, Healthy People, highlights the connection between human and environmental health and the vital role America’s national parks play in both.

International Year of the Forest: The United Nations General Assembly declared 2011 as the International Year of Forests to raise awareness on sustainable management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests. Learn more on their website!

US EPA Earth Day Website: This website contains information on how to find and get involved in local Earth Day Activities. It also provides teachers with links to EPA environmentally focused lesson plans

Tools to Reduce Waste in Schools: Use this resource to help your school and school district reduce the amount of waste you generate. This detailed resource will guide you through how to conduct a waste assessment and tell you how to start a waste reduction program or expand an existing one.

The Quest for Less: Activities and Resources for Teaching K-8: The Quest for Less is designed for teachers to use as one of the many tools in the development of lesson plans. The activities and concepts in this resource can be used to commemorate Earth Day through their focus on Natural Resources, Products, Waste, Source Reduction, Recycling, Composting, Landfills and Combustion, and Putting it all Together.

Bay Backpack Teacher Resources: Use our Teacher Resources section to find an activity or lesson plan related to the Chesapeake Bay for your Earth Day event!

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Sarah Brzezinski works for the Chesapeake Research Consortium as the Chesapeake Bay Program's Fostering Stewardship and Education Workgroup Team Staffer. She also serves as the content manager of Bay Backpack.
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